First I look at the breakdown of a character and try to understand its meaning. Looking at information about the character in Pleco really helps (mine is set up so that tapping the character in a definition screen takes me straight to the details of that character).
Then, for deeper context, I find two or three other words that use the character. More often than not, Pleco's word 'start' and 'contain' functions throw up many words that contain almost any common character.
Finally, sticking it in my flashcard pack and forcing myself to write it a few times locks it in for good.
If you do this process effectively, tweaking it to suit the way you learn, the language functions in your brain will adapt to characters over time. These days I can look at a character for 10 seconds and remember it a week later — components, stroke order, the works.